A few key areas with both extreme difficulties and extraordinary rewards for success should be labeled as the "Grand Challenges of Computational Science". . . The Grand Challenges should define opportunities to open up vast new domains of scientific research, domains that are inaccessible to traditional experimental or theoretical modes of investigation. Part of the concept of the Grand Challenges is that supercomputer technology would be pushed to its outer limits in order to achieve maximum scientific return in Grand Challenge areas.
Wilson, K. G. (1988), Grand challenges to computational science, in 'AIP Conference Proceedings', American Institute of Physics, pp. 158-169.
Wilson, K. G. (1988), Grand challenges to computational science, in 'AIP Conference Proceedings', American Institute of Physics, pp. 158-169.
A Grand Challenge is a fundamental problem in science and engineering, with broad economic and scientific impact, whose solution could be advanced by applying high performance computing techniques and resources.
OSTP, 1991
OSTP, 1991
(2) 'Grand Challenge' means a fundamental problem in science or engineering, with broad economic and scientific impact, whose solution will require the application of high-performance computing resources and multidisciplinary teams of researchers
15 U.S. Code Chapter 81 - High-Performance Computing § 5503
15 U.S. Code Chapter 81 - High-Performance Computing § 5503
. . . . Grand Challenges in environmental sciences - major scientific tasks that are compelling for both intellectual and practical reasons, that offer potential for major breakthroughs on the basis of recent developments in science and technology, and that are feasible given current capabilities and a serious infusion of resources. . . . . selection criteria included probability of significant scientific and practical payoff, large scope, relevance to important environmental issues, feasibility, timeliness, and requirement for multidisciplinary collaboration.
NRC (2001), 'Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences', National Research Council, p. 2
NRC (2001), 'Grand Challenges in Environmental Sciences', National Research Council, p. 2
The objectives are to identify research areas with the greatest promise for saving and improving lives in the developing world; to fund novel, interdisciplinary approaches among researchers seeking solutions; and to get the rich-world scientific community to apply its experience to pivotal health questions of the developing world. [Gates, B. (2003), 'Humane
Research: The West's and best scientists should turn their attention to the
developing world's diseases', Wall Street Journal.]
A specific scientific or technological innovation that would remove a critical barrier to solving an important health problem in the developing world with a high likelihood of global impact and feasibility . . . This formulation worked most effectively for those medical problems that are well enough understood to allow a description of what needs to be done, even if we do not yet know precisely how to do it. Thus, although the Grand Challenges initiative would ideally inspire unexpected and even radical solutions, the board also recognized the advantages of being able to envision solutions that have a high likelihood of being successful. The constraint of describing a "critical path past a bottle-neck" ruled out the broad field-building and exploratory research that usually underlies breakthroughs.
Varmus, H.; Klausner, R.; Zerhouni, E.; Acharya, T.; Daar, A. & Singer, P. (2003), 'Grand challenges in global health', Science 302(5644), 398-399.
Varmus, H.; Klausner, R.; Zerhouni, E.; Acharya, T.; Daar, A. & Singer, P. (2003), 'Grand challenges in global health', Science 302(5644), 398-399.
Grand Challenges - ambitious yet achievable goals that capture the public's imagination and that require innovation and breakthroughs in science and technology to achieve
Kalil, T. (2012), 'The Grand Challenges of the 21 Century', speech at the Information and Technology and Innovation and Foundation.
Kalil, T. (2012), 'The Grand Challenges of the 21 Century', speech at the Information and Technology and Innovation and Foundation.